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STAINED GLASS WINDOWS HAVERING

STAINED GLASS WINDOWS HAVERING Acknowledge Wilkipedia for the following information

As a material the term stained glass generally refers to glass that has been coloured by adding metallic salts during its manufacture. The coloured glass is crafted into stained glass windows in which small pieces of glass are arranged to form patterns or pictures, held together (traditionally) by strips of lead and supported by a rigid frame. Painted details and yellow stain are often used to enhance the design. The term stained glass is also applied to windows in which all the colours have been painted onto the glass and then annealed in a furnace. Stained glass, as an art and a craft, requires the artistic skill to conceive an appropriate workable design, and the engineering skills necessary to assemble the decorative piece, traditionally a window, so that it will fit snugly into the window frame for which it is made and also, especially in the larger windows, is capable of supporting its own weight and surviving the elements. Many large windows have withstood the test of time and remained substantially intact since the late Middle Ages. In Western Europe they constitute the major form of pictorial art to have survived. In this context, the purpose of a stained glass window is not to allow those within a building to see the world outside or even primarily to admit light but rather to control it. For this reason stained glass windows have been described as 'illuminated wall decorations'.

The London Borough of Havering (pronunciation (help·info)) is a London borough in East London, England and forms part of Outer London. The principal town in Havering is Romford and the other main settlements are Hornchurch, Upminster and Rainham. The borough is mainly characterised by suburban development with large areas of protected open space. In contrast, Romford is a major metropolitan retail and night time entertainment centre and to the south the borough extends into the London Riverside redevelopment area of the Thames Gateway.[2] The name Havering is a reference to the Royal Liberty of Havering which occupied the area for several centuries. Contents [show] * 1 Population * 2 Neighbours * 3 Industry and commerce * 4 History o 4.1 Early history o 4.2 Settlement * 5 Districts * 6 Transport o 6.1 Roads o 6.2 Public transport o 6.3 List of stations * 7 Places of interest * 8 Politics o 8.1 London Borough Council o 8.2 London Assembly o 8.3 UK Parliament * 9 Twinning * 10 Education * 11 References * 12 External links [edit] Population In 2001 the borough had a population of 224,248 in 93,200 households over 43 square miles (111.4 km²). There is a high ratio of area per capita as large sections of Havering are parkland and 23 square miles (60 km²) (more than half the borough) is greenbelt protected land. Those areas of development are extensive but rarely intensive. It has, at 2.6%,[3] the lowest unemployment rate in Greater London and one of the lowest crime rates. Havering has a significantly higher proportion of residents in white ethnic groups than other outer London boroughs (95.1% – 2001 census). The Indian population is the most significant minority ethnic group in Havering (1.2%). The Upminster ward of the borough is the least ethnically diverse in Greater London, with a Simpson's diversity index of 1.05.

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